Which organization calculates and publishes the Human Development Index?

The correct answer is: c) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. It is used to measure a country’s achievements in terms of health, education, and income. The HDI was developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and was first published in 1990.

The HDI is calculated as follows:

HDI = (Life expectancy at birth × 0.25) + (Mean years of schooling × 0.25) + (Gross national income per capita × 0.25)

The HDI is a valuable tool for measuring the progress of countries in terms of human development. It is also a useful tool for comparing the performance of different countries. However, the HDI has been criticized for being too simplistic and for not taking into account other important factors, such as gender equality and environmental sustainability.

The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries. The IMF is an international financial institution that promotes international monetary cooperation, secures financial stability, facilitates international trade, and promotes high employment and sustainable economic growth. NITI Aayog is a policy think tank of the Government of India.