The correct answer is B. Aldehydes.
Aldehydes are organic compounds that have the functional group -CHO. The suffix “al” is used to name aldehydes. The general formula for aldehydes is RCHO, where R is an alkyl group.
Aldehydes are colorless, flammable liquids with a pungent odor. They are found in many natural products, such as vanilla, cinnamon, and apple cider vinegar. Aldehydes are also used in the production of many industrial chemicals, such as plastics and resins.
Here are some examples of aldehydes:
- Formaldehyde (CH2O) is a colorless, flammable gas with a pungent odor. It is used in the production of plastics, resins, and adhesives.
- Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) is a colorless, flammable liquid with a fruity odor. It is used in the production of vinegar, perfumes, and flavorings.
- Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) is a colorless, flammable liquid with a almond-like odor. It is used in the production of perfumes, flavorings, and dyes.
Aldehydes are produced by the oxidation of alcohols. They can also be produced by the reaction of alkenes with water in the presence of a catalyst.
Aldehydes are oxidized to acids by the action of oxidizing agents, such as potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4).
Aldehydes can be reduced to alcohols by the action of reducing agents, such as hydrogen gas (H2) and lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4).
Aldehydes are used in a variety of applications, including:
- The production of plastics, resins, and adhesives
- The production of vinegar, perfumes, and flavorings
- The production of dyes
- The production of pharmaceuticals
- The production of pesticides
- The production of explosives