Which one of the following statements is not correct?

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Which one of the following statements is not correct?

Pitch of a sound is its characteristic by which we can generally differentiate between a male voice and a female voice.
The loudness of sound is related to its frequency.
A musical sound has certain well-defined frequencies which are generally harmonics of a fundamental frequency.
The timbre of a particular musical sound is related to the waveform of the sound wave.
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2016
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The loudness of sound is primarily related to the intensity of the sound wave, which is proportional to the square of its amplitude. Frequency, on the other hand, determines the pitch of the sound. A higher frequency corresponds to a higher pitch, while a larger amplitude corresponds to a louder sound. Therefore, the statement that the loudness of sound is related to its frequency is incorrect.
Loudness relates to amplitude (intensity), while pitch relates to frequency. Timbre relates to waveform (harmonics).
Statement A is correct: Pitch helps differentiate voices; female voices typically have higher fundamental frequencies (and thus higher pitch) than male voices. Statement C is correct: Musical sounds are typically periodic and composed of a fundamental frequency and its harmonic overtones. Statement D is correct: Timbre, or quality, is determined by the combination and relative intensity of overtones present in addition to the fundamental frequency, which shapes the waveform and allows us to distinguish between different instruments or voices.

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