Which one of the following statements is correct ?

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Which one of the following statements is correct ?

Glucose breaks down to CO₂, H₂O and energy in all organisms
Glucose breaks down into ethanol, CO₂ and energy in our muscle cells
Glucose breaks down into CO₂, H₂O and energy in all aerobic tissues
Glucose breaks down into lactate and energy in yeast
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2020
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In aerobic respiration, which occurs in the presence of oxygen, glucose is completely broken down into carbon dioxide (CO₂), water (H₂O), and a large amount of energy (ATP). This process occurs in aerobic tissues of organisms, including humans. Option A is incorrect because not all organisms perform aerobic respiration (e.g., anaerobic bacteria, yeast under anaerobic conditions). Option B is incorrect because muscle cells produce lactate during anaerobic conditions, not ethanol and CO₂. Option D is incorrect because yeast produces ethanol and CO₂ during alcoholic fermentation, not lactate.
Aerobic respiration yields the maximum amount of energy from glucose and results in CO₂ and H₂O as final products. Anaerobic respiration (fermentation) yields less energy and produces different products like lactate or ethanol.
The overall equation for aerobic respiration is C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy (ATP). This process involves glycolysis (cytoplasm), the Krebs cycle (mitochondrial matrix), and the electron transport chain (inner mitochondrial membrane).

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