Which one of the following statements is correct ?

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Which one of the following statements is correct ?

Covalent bonds are directional
Ionic bonds are directional
Both covalent and ionic bonds are directional
Both covalent and ionic bonds are non-directional
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2016
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Covalent bonds are directional.
Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between specific atoms, leading to electron density concentrated in defined regions (orbitals) oriented in space. This directional nature of covalent bonds determines the geometry and shape of molecules, including bond angles and lengths.
Ionic bonds are formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. This attraction is isotropic and extends in all directions equally around the ion. Thus, ionic bonds are non-directional, leading to the formation of extended crystal lattices rather than discrete molecules with fixed shapes determined by bond angles.

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