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Which one of the following statements explains higher mutation rate an

June 1, 2025 by rawan239

Which one of the following statements explains higher mutation rate and faster evolution found in RNA virus?

RNA is relatively unstable compared to DNA.

Virus can multiply only within the living cell of a host.

Metabolic processes are absent in virus.

Virus can remain latent for a long period.

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-2 – 2018

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The correct answer is A) RNA is relatively unstable compared to DNA.

RNA molecules are generally less stable than DNA molecules primarily because of the presence of a hydroxyl group at the 2′ carbon of the ribose sugar, which makes the phosphodiester bond more susceptible to hydrolysis. Additionally, RNA viruses typically lack the proofreading mechanisms that DNA polymerases have, leading to a much higher error rate during replication. These factors result in a higher mutation rate.

Higher mutation rates in RNA viruses contribute to faster evolution, allowing them to adapt quickly to changing environments, evade host immune responses, and develop resistance to antiviral drugs. Options B, C, and D describe general characteristics of viruses but do not specifically explain the higher mutation rate or faster evolution relative to DNA viruses or other life forms.

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