Which one of the following statements correctly defines PM1 particles

Which one of the following statements correctly defines PM1 particles in air ?

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These are suspended particles of diameter more than 10 micron

These are the particles that are filtered by the nose during respiration

These are extreme fine particles of diameter less than 1 micron

These are coarse particles that penetrate directly through the lungs into the bloodstream

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UPSC CAPF – 2024

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PM stands for Particulate Matter, which is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. The number designation (e.g., PM10, PM2.5, PM1) refers to the maximum diameter of the particles in micrometers (microns). PM1 particles are defined as extremely fine particles that have a diameter less than 1 micrometer. These are smaller than PM2.5 and PM10 particles.

PM classification is based on the aerodynamic diameter of airborne particulate matter. PM1 < 1 µm, PM2.5 < 2.5 µm, PM10 < 10 µm. Smaller particles can penetrate deeper into the respiratory system.

PM1 particles are considered among the most harmful air pollutants because their small size allows them to be inhaled deeply into the lungs and potentially enter the bloodstream. They are often associated with combustion processes (vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, power plants) and can contribute to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.

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