Which one of the following processes is not a part of long-wave

Which one of the following processes is not a part of long-wave radiation?

Conduction
Scattering
Convection
Radiation
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2018
Scattering is not typically considered a part of the processes fundamentally defining or transferring energy as long-wave radiation in the Earth’s energy budget, unlike Conduction, Convection, and Radiation (emission/absorption).
Long-wave radiation refers to thermal radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface and atmosphere, primarily in the infrared spectrum. The transfer of this thermal energy within the Earth system involves processes like:
– **Radiation:** Emission and absorption of long-wave electromagnetic waves.
– **Conduction:** Heat transfer through direct contact, significant at the Earth-atmosphere interface.
– **Convection:** Heat transfer through the movement of air or water, driven by temperature differences resulting from radiative heating/cooling.
Scattering is a process where radiation is deflected in different directions by particles or molecules. While radiation of all wavelengths can be scattered, scattering is a dominant process affecting the path of incoming *short-wave* solar radiation (e.g., causing the blue sky). It is not a primary mechanism for the *transfer* or *distribution* of the heat energy associated with outgoing *long-wave* radiation in the same way as conduction, convection, and emission/absorption of radiation are.
The Earth’s energy balance involves the absorption of incoming short-wave solar radiation and the emission of outgoing long-wave terrestrial radiation. Conduction and convection are non-radiative heat transfer mechanisms that move heat absorbed from radiation within the atmosphere and surface.
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