Which one of the following ports is located on estuary?

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Which one of the following ports is located on estuary?

Kandala
Marmagao
Kolkata-Haldia
Tuticorin
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2017
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The port located on an estuary among the given options is Kolkata-Haldia.
The Port of Kolkata, including its downstream dock complex at Haldia, is located on the Hooghly River, which is a tidal distributary of the Ganges and acts as an estuarine system. Marmagao is located on the estuary of the Zuari River, making it also an estuarine port. However, Kolkata is a major riverine port situated far inland, relying on the tidal Hooghly, and is often cited as a prominent example of an estuarine port in India. Kandla is on the Gulf of Kutch, and Tuticorin is an artificial deep-sea harbour.
Estuarine ports are often susceptible to silting and require constant dredging. Kolkata Port faces this challenge due to its location on the Hooghly estuary. Both Marmagao and Kolkata are technically estuarine ports, but Kolkata’s position on a large tidal river system makes it a more characteristic example often highlighted in geographical texts.

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