Which one of the following oxides reacts with both acid and base?

Which one of the following oxides reacts with both acid and base?

Aluminium oxide
Calcium oxide
Sodium oxide
Potassium oxide
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2022
The correct answer is A, Aluminium oxide.
Oxides are classified as acidic, basic, neutral, or amphoteric based on their reaction with acids and bases.
Amphoteric oxides are oxides that exhibit both acidic and basic properties, meaning they can react with both acids and bases to form salts and water.
Aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) is a common example of an amphoteric oxide.
It reacts with acids: Al₂O₃(s) + 6HCl(aq) → 2AlCl₃(aq) + 3H₂O(l)
It reacts with bases: Al₂O₃(s) + 2NaOH(aq) + 3H₂O(l) → 2Na[Al(OH)₄](aq) (Sodium tetrahydroxoaluminate, also written as 2NaAlO₂ + 4H₂O or similar)
Calcium oxide (CaO), Sodium oxide (Na₂O), and Potassium oxide (K₂O) are typically basic oxides, reacting with acids but not bases (except perhaps very strong, concentrated bases in specific conditions not characteristic of amphoterism).
Other examples of amphoteric oxides include Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Lead(II) oxide (PbO). The amphoteric nature of oxides often relates to the position of the metal in the periodic table; elements like Aluminium, Zinc, and Lead are on the border between metals and nonmetals.
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