Which one of the following is the natural phenomenon based on which a

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Which one of the following is the natural phenomenon based on which a simple periscope works ?

Reflection of light
Refraction of light
Dispersion of light
Total internal reflection of light
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2018
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A simple periscope uses two plane mirrors to change the direction of light rays. The mirrors are typically placed parallel to each other at an angle of 45 degrees to the main tube. Light rays from the object travel to the top mirror, are reflected downwards, travel through the tube, and are then reflected by the bottom mirror towards the observer’s eye. This bouncing of light rays off the mirrors is due to the phenomenon of reflection of light.
– A simple periscope allows observation of objects located above or below the observer’s direct line of sight.
– It utilizes plane mirrors placed at angles to redirect light.
– The change in direction of light upon hitting a mirror surface is called reflection.
More advanced periscopes, like those used in submarines, may also incorporate lenses and prisms (which use reflection or total internal reflection) to provide magnification, a wider field of view, and optical stability, but the fundamental principle in a simple periscope is reflection from plane mirrors.

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