The correct answer is (c). The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is an international treaty that was signed in Vienna, Austria, on March 22, 1985. The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is an international treaty that was signed in Montreal, Canada, on September 16, 1987. The main objective of both treaties is to protect the ozone layer from depletion by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances (ODS).
(a) Combat desertification is not the main objective of the Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol. Desertification is the degradation of land in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas. It is caused by human activities, such as overgrazing, deforestation, and unsustainable agriculture, as well as by climate change. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) is the main international treaty that addresses desertification.
(b) Formulate sustainable development goals is not the main objective of the Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol. Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 goals that were adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015. The SDGs aim to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all by 2030.
(d) Combat climate change is not the main objective of the Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol. Climate change is the long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place. Climate change could refer to a particular location or the planet as a whole. Climate change may cause weather patterns to be less predictable. A region might experience lower or higher than average temperatures. Climate change may cause more frequent and severe weather events, such as storms, floods and droughts. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is the main international treaty that addresses climate change.