Which one of the following is the exhaust pipe emission from Fuel Cell

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Which one of the following is the exhaust pipe emission from Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles, powered by hydrogen ?

Hydrogen peroxide
Hydronium
Oxygen
Water vapour
This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2024
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Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) powered by hydrogen generate electricity through an electrochemical process where hydrogen reacts with oxygen from the air. The primary chemical reaction in a hydrogen fuel cell is 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O. This reaction produces water (H₂O) and energy (electricity and heat). The water produced is expelled from the vehicle, typically as water vapour, which is essentially steam.
The fundamental output of a hydrogen fuel cell, besides electricity and heat, is water.
FCEVs are considered zero-emission vehicles at the point of use because their only tailpipe emission is water vapour, unlike internal combustion engines that emit various pollutants and greenhouse gases. The environmental impact of hydrogen fuel cell technology depends significantly on how the hydrogen fuel itself is produced (e.g., from renewable sources or fossil fuels).

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