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Which one of the following is the cause of long-term sea-level change?

June 1, 2025 by rawan239

Which one of the following is the cause of long-term sea-level change?

Atmospheric disturbance

Change in marine water density

Melting of icebergs

Melting of ice sheets

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2016

Download PDF Attempt Online

The correct answer is the melting of ice sheets.

Long-term sea-level change is primarily driven by factors that significantly alter the total volume of water in the oceans or the size of the ocean basins over geological timescales. Melting of large ice sheets (like Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets) adds substantial mass of water to the ocean, directly contributing to long-term sea-level rise. Thermal expansion of seawater due to warming is another significant long-term factor.

Atmospheric disturbances cause short-term, localized changes in sea level (storm surges). Changes in marine water density can contribute to steric sea-level change (thermal expansion or contraction), which is a long-term factor, but melting of ice sheets represents a direct mass addition. Melting of floating icebergs does not significantly alter sea level, as the ice displaces a volume of water equal to its mass (Archimedes’ principle).

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