Which one of the following is the best shape of a solid metal rod to f

Which one of the following is the best shape of a solid metal rod to form the top end of a lightning conductor ?

Figure (a)
Figure (b)
Figure (c)
Figure (d)
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2024
The best shape for the top end of a lightning conductor is a sharp point (spike).
A sharp point concentrates the electric field lines from a charged cloud. This high electric field at the tip promotes corona discharge, which is a continuous leakage of charge from the conductor into the air. This discharge helps to neutralize the surrounding air and reduce the potential difference between the cloud and the ground, thereby reducing the likelihood of a direct lightning strike to the protected structure.
Blunt or rounded ends (like options b, c, and d) are less effective at concentrating the electric field and facilitating corona discharge compared to a sharp point. Modern lightning protection systems sometimes use other designs, but traditionally, the sharp point has been considered superior for this purpose.
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