Which one of the following is not an Indian form of Socialism ?

Which one of the following is not an Indian form of Socialism ?

Democratic Socialism
Radical Socialism
Communitarian Socialism
Nehruvian Socialism
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2022
Option B is correct because “Radical Socialism” is not typically considered a distinct, widely recognized *Indian* form of socialism in the same way as Democratic Socialism (as practised in India), Communitarian Socialism (linking socialist ideals with community principles, sometimes seen in Gandhian thought), or Nehruvian Socialism (the specific model adopted under Jawaharlal Nehru emphasizing mixed economy, planning, and public sector). While radical socialist ideas exist in India, ‘Radical Socialism’ isn’t categorized as a primary *form* originating from Indian context or widely adopted.
Indian socialism is characterized by its unique evolution, incorporating elements of democracy, non-violence, and specific national needs, distinct from classical Marxist or revolutionary socialism.
India formally adopted socialism in its Preamble in 1976 (42nd Amendment). Nehruvian socialism guided India’s post-independence economic policy. Democratic socialism emphasizes achieving socialist goals within a democratic political framework. Communitarian socialism can be seen as drawing upon India’s traditional village and community structures. Radical socialism, often implying revolutionary change or state control, doesn’t represent the mainstream historical development or dominant description of Indian socialism.
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