The correct answer is (d). Fazenda is not a type of shifting cultivation.
Shifting cultivation is a traditional agricultural system in which farmers clear a piece of land, cultivate it for a few years, and then abandon it to allow the land to regenerate. This type of agriculture is often used in tropical areas, where the soil is relatively poor and easily depleted.
Jhooming is a type of shifting cultivation practiced in the Indian subcontinent. It is also known as slash-and-burn agriculture. Farmers clear a piece of forest by cutting down trees and burning them. The ashes from the fire fertilize the soil, and the farmers plant crops in the cleared area. After a few years, the soil becomes depleted, and the farmers move to a new area.
Fang is a type of shifting cultivation practiced in Southeast Asia. It is also known as swidden agriculture. Farmers clear a piece of forest by cutting down trees and burning them. The ashes from the fire fertilize the soil, and the farmers plant crops in the cleared area. After a few years, the soil becomes depleted, and the farmers move to a new area.
Milpa is a type of shifting cultivation practiced in Central America. It is also known as slash-and-burn agriculture. Farmers clear a piece of forest by cutting down trees and burning them. The ashes from the fire fertilize the soil, and the farmers plant crops in the cleared area. After a few years, the soil becomes depleted, and the farmers move to a new area.
Fazenda is a large farm in Brazil. It is typically used to raise cattle or grow crops. Fazendas are not typically associated with shifting cultivation.