The correct answer is (d). Multiple cropping schemes are not a part of land reforms in India.
Land reforms are a set of policies that are implemented to change the way that land is owned, used, and distributed. They are often implemented in order to improve the lives of farmers and to promote economic development.
The abolition of the zamindari system was a major land reform that was implemented in India in the 1950s. The zamindari system was a system of land tenure in which landlords, known as zamindars, held large tracts of land and collected rent from the peasants who worked the land. The abolition of the zamindari system led to the redistribution of land to the peasants and to the improvement of their living conditions.
Ceiling on land holdings is another important land reform that was implemented in India. This reform placed a limit on the amount of land that a person could own. The purpose of this reform was to break up large landholdings and to redistribute land to the landless.
Tenancy reforms are also an important part of land reforms. These reforms are designed to protect the rights of tenants and to improve their living conditions. Tenancy reforms often include provisions that regulate the rent that tenants must pay, the length of tenancy contracts, and the eviction of tenants.
Multiple cropping schemes are not a part of land reforms. These schemes are designed to increase the productivity of land by encouraging farmers to grow more than one crop on the same land. Multiple cropping schemes can be effective in increasing agricultural production, but they do not address the underlying problems of land inequality and poverty.