The correct answer is A. Quartile.
A quartile is a measure of location, not dispersion. It divides a data set into four equal parts. The first quartile (Q1) is the median of the lower half of the data, and the third quartile (Q3) is the median of the upper half of the data. The interquartile range (IQR) is the difference between Q3 and Q1.
The range is the difference between the largest and smallest values in a data set. The mean deviation is the average absolute deviation from the mean. The standard deviation is the square root of the variance, which is the average squared deviation from the mean.
All of these measures are used to describe the spread of a data set. The range is the simplest measure of dispersion, but it is not very sensitive to changes in the data. The mean deviation is more sensitive to changes in the data than the range, but it is not as commonly used as the other measures. The standard deviation is the most commonly used measure of dispersion. It is sensitive to changes in the data and it is easy to interpret.