Which one of the following is not a Fundamental Duty ?

The correct answer is (d). To protect and improve the natural environment is not a Fundamental Duty.

Fundamental Duties are the moral obligations of all citizens of India towards the nation. They are enshrined in Part IV-A of the Constitution of India. The Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.

There are 11 Fundamental Duties:

1. To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women; and to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
6. To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures.
7. To develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
8. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
9. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.
10. To provide opportunities for education and to promote adult education.
11. To vote in elections and to uphold the Constitution and law.

The Fundamental Duties are not enforceable by any court, but are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country. They are intended to guide the citizens in their individual and collective conduct and to inspire them to promote the common good.