Which one of the following is NOT a cause of depletion in groundwater

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Which one of the following is NOT a cause of depletion in groundwater ?

Afforestation
Loss of forests
Excessive pumping of ground-water
Construction of large scale concrete buildings
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2020
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The correct answer is (A) Afforestation.
Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an area where there was no previous tree cover. Trees and forests help in the conservation of groundwater by increasing infiltration and percolation of rainwater into the ground and reducing surface runoff and evaporation. Therefore, afforestation helps in groundwater recharge, not depletion.
Loss of forests, excessive pumping of groundwater, and the construction of large-scale concrete buildings are all causes of groundwater depletion. Loss of forests reduces the ability of land to absorb water. Excessive pumping directly extracts water at a rate faster than it can be recharged. Concrete surfaces prevent rainwater from percolating into the ground, increasing runoff and reducing recharge.

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