The correct answer is D. Factual materials in indirect way.
A clear introduction and summary are essential for any lecture, as they help to orient the audience and provide a framework for understanding the material. Time and control units are also important, as they help to ensure that the lecture stays on track and that the audience has enough time to absorb the information. Examples are helpful for providing concrete illustrations of the concepts being discussed, and they can also help to make the material more engaging and memorable. Factual materials, on the other hand, are not essential for a successful lecture. In fact, if they are presented in an indirect way, they can actually be counterproductive. This is because indirect presentations can be difficult to follow and can make the material seem less relevant to the audience.
Here is a more detailed explanation of each option:
- A. Clear introduction and summary: A clear introduction and summary are essential for any lecture, as they help to orient the audience and provide a framework for understanding the material. The introduction should state the purpose of the lecture and provide a brief overview of the topics that will be covered. The summary should review the main points of the lecture and reinforce the key concepts.
- B. Time and control unit: Time and control units are also important, as they help to ensure that the lecture stays on track and that the audience has enough time to absorb the information. The lecturer should start by estimating how long the lecture will take and then use a timer or other device to keep track of the time. The lecturer should also be prepared to adjust the pace of the lecture if necessary, in order to ensure that the audience has enough time to understand the material.
- C. Examples for better explanation and understanding: Examples are helpful for providing concrete illustrations of the concepts being discussed, and they can also help to make the material more engaging and memorable. The lecturer should choose examples that are relevant to the audience and that will help to illustrate the key points of the lecture.
- D. Factual materials in indirect way: Factual materials, on the other hand, are not essential for a successful lecture. In fact, if they are presented in an indirect way, they can actually be counterproductive. This is because indirect presentations can be difficult to follow and can make the material seem less relevant to the audience. The lecturer should present factual materials in a clear and concise way, and should avoid using jargon or technical language that the audience may not understand.