Which one of the following is an exhaustible but renewable natural res

Which one of the following is an exhaustible but renewable natural resource ?

Solar energy
Water in usable condition
Soil
Landscape in its natural condition
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2022
Soil is a natural resource that is renewable, but its renewal rate is very slow. Improper management, such as leading to excessive erosion or depletion of nutrients, can cause it to become functionally exhausted or unusable on a human timescale. Thus, it can be considered exhaustible in practice if not sustainably managed, despite being renewable.
– Natural resources are broadly classified as renewable or non-renewable (exhaustible).
– Renewable resources replenish naturally over time (e.g., solar energy, wind, water, soil, forests).
– Non-renewable resources are finite and do not replenish at a rate comparable to consumption (e.g., fossil fuels, minerals).
– Soil is technically renewable through natural processes like weathering and decomposition, but this process is extremely slow (centuries to millennia to form a few inches of topsoil).
– Solar energy is both renewable and virtually inexhaustible on a human timescale.
– Water in usable condition (freshwater) is renewable through the water cycle, but localized sources like aquifers can be exhausted by over-extraction, and water can be rendered unusable by pollution. However, the global water cycle ensures its renewal.
– Landscape in its natural condition is not a resource in the same category; it refers to the physical environment.
– The term “exhaustible but renewable” is not a standard scientific classification, but it can be interpreted to mean a resource that is renewable but highly susceptible to exhaustion through unsustainable use due to a slow renewal rate or limited usable quantity at any given time. Soil fits this description well.