Which one of the following is active transport ?

Which one of the following is active transport ?

[amp_mcq option1=”It is the movement of a substance against a diffusion gradient with the use of energy from respiration.” option2=”It is the movement of a substance against a diffusion gradient without the use of energy.” option3=”It is the movement of a substance against a diffusion gradient with the use of energy from photosynthesis.” option4=”It is the movement of a substance along a diffusion gradient with the use of energy from respiration.” correct=”option1″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2019
Active transport is a process where substances move across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient (or electrochemical gradient), meaning from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. This movement requires the cell to expend metabolic energy, typically in the form of ATP, which is primarily generated through cellular respiration.
Active transport is characterized by the movement against a concentration gradient and the requirement of energy expenditure by the cell.
In contrast, passive transport processes like diffusion and osmosis do not require energy and involve movement along the concentration gradient. Facilitated diffusion uses transport proteins but still moves substances along the gradient without direct energy input from the cell.
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