Which one of the following is a permeable rock that allows water to pa

Which one of the following is a permeable rock that allows water to pass through it ?

Granite
Limestone
Quartzite
Sill
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2023
The correct answer is B. Permeability is the measure of the ability of a material to transmit fluids. Among the given options, limestone is generally considered permeable, especially when fractured or dissolved to form karst features.
– Permeable rocks contain interconnected pores or fractures that allow water (or other fluids) to flow through them.
– Limestone is a sedimentary rock primarily composed of calcium carbonate. While the rock matrix itself can have some porosity, its permeability is often significantly enhanced by dissolution of the carbonate material by acidic groundwater, creating channels, caves, and fractures. This forms karst topography and makes limestone important aquifers.
– Granite, Quartzite, and Sill (intrusive igneous) are typically dense, crystalline rocks with low primary porosity and permeability unless they are significantly fractured.
Permeability is distinct from porosity, which is the percentage of void space in a material. A material can be porous but not permeable if the pores are not connected. For example, clay can be highly porous but has very low permeability. Limestone can exhibit both porosity and, importantly, high permeability, particularly secondary permeability developed through dissolution and fracturing.