Which one of the following is a conventional energy source ?

Which one of the following is a conventional energy source ?

Tidal energy
Geothermal energy
Solar energy
Biomass energy
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2016
Conventional energy sources are generally considered to be those that are well-established, widely used on a large scale, and often (though not always) exhaustible. This category typically includes fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas), nuclear energy, and large-scale hydropower. Non-conventional or renewable energy sources are those that are naturally replenished and often rely on newer technologies for large-scale exploitation, such as solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, and modern biomass.
Among the given options, Tidal, Geothermal, and Solar energy are unequivocally classified as non-conventional/renewable energy sources. Biomass energy, particularly in the form of traditional uses like burning wood for fuel, has been used by humans for millennia and represents a long-established energy source, though often referred to as ‘traditional non-commercial’ energy. While modern biomass energy (e.g., bioelectricity, biofuels) is considered renewable/non-conventional, the term ‘biomass energy’ can encompass traditional use. In the context of the options provided, biomass has the longest history of widespread conventional use compared to the other listed sources, making it the most likely intended conventional source among these options, despite modern classifications.
– Conventional energy sources: Fossil fuels, Nuclear, Large Hydro.
– Non-conventional/Renewable energy sources: Solar, Wind, Tidal, Geothermal, Biomass, Small Hydro.
– The classification can sometimes be nuanced, especially regarding traditional biomass use versus modern biomass technologies.
Biomass energy refers to energy derived from organic matter. Its use ranges from traditional burning of wood and agricultural waste (especially in rural areas) to modern technologies like biogas plants, biomass power plants, and biofuel production. The long history of traditional biomass use contrasts with the relatively recent large-scale development of solar, wind, tidal, and geothermal power generation technologies. This historical context likely explains its inclusion as a potential ‘conventional’ source in this specific question, even though it falls under the ‘renewable’ category in modern classifications.
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