Which one of the following is a chemical change?

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Which one of the following is a chemical change?

Dissolving sugar in water
Melting of ice
Crystallization
Milk turning sour
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2022
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A chemical change involves the formation of new substances with different chemical properties. Milk turning sour is a process where lactose is converted into lactic acid by bacteria, resulting in a change in chemical composition.
Physical changes alter the form or appearance of a substance but not its chemical identity (e.g., dissolving, melting, freezing, boiling, crystallization). Chemical changes result in the formation of one or more new substances with different chemical properties (e.g., burning, rusting, cooking, souring of milk).
Dissolving sugar in water, melting of ice, and crystallization are all physical changes. In milk turning sour, bacteria perform fermentation, converting lactose (a sugar) into lactic acid, which changes the taste and properties of the milk. This is a clear example of a chemical reaction producing new substances.

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