Which one of the following hormones increases the heartbeat in

Which one of the following hormones increases the heartbeat in mammals?

Insulin
Melatonin
Thyroxine
Adrenaline
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2022
Adrenaline is the hormone that increases the heartbeat in mammals.
Adrenaline (also known as epinephrine) is a hormone produced by the adrenal medulla. It is released in response to stress and triggers the “fight or flight” response. One of its key effects is to increase heart rate and force of contraction, leading to increased blood pressure and cardiac output.
Insulin lowers blood glucose. Melatonin regulates sleep cycles. Thyroxine increases metabolic rate, which indirectly affects heart rate over time, but adrenaline causes a rapid increase in heart rate in response to acute stimuli.