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Which one of the following heat transfers is an example of convection

June 1, 2025 by rawan239

Which one of the following heat transfers is an example of convection ?

Heating of food in a microwave oven

Boiling water in a pot on a gas stove

Feeling the warmth in sun

Heating a brass rod at one end and observing the temperature rise at the other end

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-2 – 2024

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Boiling water in a pot on a gas stove is an example of heat transfer primarily by convection within the water.

Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of a fluid (liquid or gas). In boiling water, heat from the stove is conducted through the pot to the water at the bottom. This heated water becomes less dense and rises, while cooler, denser water from the top sinks, creating circulating currents (convection currents) that distribute heat throughout the liquid.

Heat transfer in a microwave oven (A) is primarily through dielectric heating caused by microwave radiation exciting water molecules. Feeling warmth from the sun (C) is heat transfer by radiation through electromagnetic waves. Heating a brass rod (D) involves heat transfer by conduction through the solid material from the hotter end to the cooler end via molecular vibrations and free electron movement.

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