Which one of the following heat transfer mechanism does NOT require a

Which one of the following heat transfer mechanism does NOT require a medium ?

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Conduction

Convection

Radiation

Collision

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Answer is Wrong!

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2024

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Heat transfer occurs through three primary mechanisms: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact and molecular vibrations within a material; it requires a medium (solid, liquid, or gas). Convection is the transfer of heat through the bulk movement of a fluid (liquid or gas); it requires a medium that can flow. Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves, such as infrared radiation. These waves can travel through a vacuum (like space) and do not require a physical medium to transfer energy. Collision is not a distinct primary heat transfer mechanism; energy transfer through molecular collisions is the basis of conduction and part of convection at the molecular level. Therefore, radiation is the only mechanism listed that does not require a medium.

Conduction and convection require a medium for heat transfer, while radiation does not. Heat from the Sun reaches Earth through radiation across the vacuum of space.

Examples: Conduction heats the handle of a metal spoon in hot soup. Convection heats water in a pot as warmer water rises and cooler water sinks. Radiation is felt as warmth from a fire or the sun. All three mechanisms can occur simultaneously in many situations, but one often dominates depending on the conditions.

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