Which one of the following has been expressly included in Part III of the Constitution of India?
Company
Partnership
Trust
Cooperative society
Answer is Right!
Answer is Wrong!
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2019-20
Part III of the Constitution deals with Fundamental Rights (Articles 12-35). The term “Cooperative society” was expressly included in Part III by the Constitution (Ninety-seventh Amendment) Act, 2011. This amendment inserted Article 19(1)(c), which grants citizens the fundamental right “to form co-operative societies”. While the definition of “State” under Article 12 in Part III is crucial for the applicability of fundamental rights to various entities (Government, Parliament, State Legislatures, local and other authorities), and courts have included certain types of companies etc., based on functional or control tests, the term “Cooperative society” itself was explicitly added *into* the text of Part III under the Right to Freedom. The other options (Company, Partnership, Trust) are not expressly mentioned by name anywhere in Part III.