Which one of the following events has not been attributed to El Niño

Which one of the following events has not been attributed to El Niño during early 1980s?

The warmest winter in the Eastern US during the last 25 years

Drought in Southeast Africa, Australia, New Zealand and Southeast Asia

Prolific growth of coral reefs in the Pacific Ocean

Increased incidents of bubonic plague in Southwestern United States

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UPSC Geoscientist – 2022

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El Niño is associated with warming of the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean waters. This warming typically leads to coral bleaching, a stress response where corals expel their symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae), causing them to turn white and often die if the stress is prolonged. Therefore, prolific growth of coral reefs is not an effect attributed to El Niño; rather, coral bleaching and potential mortality are common consequences of the associated ocean warming. The early 1980s (specifically 1982-83) saw a significant El Niño event with widespread climate impacts.

– El Niño warms ocean surface waters in the Pacific.
– Ocean warming causes coral bleaching, not prolific growth.
– Droughts in certain regions (like Australia, parts of Africa, Southeast Asia) and altered temperature patterns are typical El Niño effects.

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major climate pattern involving variations in the temperature of the surface of the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean and in the air pressure over the tropical western Pacific. It has three phases: El Niño (warm phase), La Niña (cool phase), and Neutral. The 1982-83 El Niño event was particularly strong and well-documented for its global impacts.

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