Which one of the following equals Personal Disposable Income ?

by

Which one of the following equals Personal Disposable Income ?

Personal Income - Direct taxes paid by households and miscellaneous fees, fines, etc.
Private Income - Saving of Private Corporate Sectors - Corporation Tax
Private Income - Taxes
Total expenditure of Households - Income Tax - Gifts received
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2019
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Personal Disposable Income (PDI) is defined as the income available with individuals for consumption or saving. It is calculated by subtracting direct taxes (like income tax, wealth tax) and other compulsory payments (like fees, fines, etc.) paid by households from their Personal Income.
PDI represents the actual spending power of households after meeting their tax obligations to the government.
Personal Income is the total income received by individuals from all sources before paying direct taxes. Private Income includes income accruing to private sector (households and private firms) from all sources. Option B attempts to derive Personal Income from Private Income (Private Income – Savings of Private Corporate Sector – Corporation Tax ≈ Personal Income), but does not define PDI directly. Options C and D are incorrect formulations for PDI.

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