The correct answer is (a) Germany.
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. It is charged with the maintenance of international peace and security. The UNSC has 15 members, five of which are permanent members: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The other 10 members are elected by the General Assembly for two-year terms.
Germany is not a permanent member of the UNSC. It was a permanent member of the Security Council of the League of Nations, the predecessor to the UNSC, from 1920 to 1939. Germany was not a member of the UNSC from 1945 to 1973, when it was elected to a two-year term. Germany has been elected to the UNSC again in 2001-2002, 2011-2012, and 2019-2020.
The five permanent members of the UNSC have veto power, which means that they can block any resolution from being adopted by the Council. This gives them a great deal of power in the UNSC.
The UNSC has been criticized for being too powerful and for not being representative of the world’s population. There have been calls for the UNSC to be reformed, but so far these calls have not been successful.