Which one of the following compounds is NOT considered an acid ?

Which one of the following compounds is NOT considered an acid ?

BF₃
AlCl₃
NH₃
C₆H₅OH
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2015
A) BF₃ (Boron Trifluoride) is a Lewis acid because the Boron atom has an incomplete octet and can accept an electron pair.
B) AlCl₃ (Aluminum Chloride) is also a Lewis acid as the Aluminum atom has an incomplete octet and can accept an electron pair.
C) NH₃ (Ammonia) is a Brønsted-Lowry base because it can accept a proton (H⁺) to form ammonium ion (NH₄⁺). It is also a Lewis base because the nitrogen atom has a lone pair of electrons that it can donate. It is not considered an acid in standard definitions.
D) C₆H₅OH (Phenol) is a weak acid because the hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the benzene ring can donate a proton, forming the phenoxide ion. The acidity is enhanced by the stability of the phenoxide ion through resonance.
Therefore, NH₃ is the compound that is NOT considered an acid; it is a base.
Acids can be defined in various ways (Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, Lewis). Brønsted-Lowry acids are proton donors. Lewis acids are electron pair acceptors. Bases are proton acceptors (Brønsted-Lowry) or electron pair donors (Lewis). Ammonia is a common example of a base.
Lewis acidity is particularly relevant for species like BF₃ and AlCl₃, which lack a hydrogen ion to donate but can accept electron pairs. Phenol is a classic example of an organic acid, albeit a weaker one compared to carboxylic acids, with a pKa of around 10.