Which one of the following climatic types is found in Central Spain?

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Subarctic

Mediterranean dry hot summer

Subtropical Steppe

Humid continental warm summer

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2020

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Central Spain, particularly the Meseta Central area including Madrid, experiences a climate characterized by hot, dry summers and cold winters. This climate type fits the description of a continental Mediterranean climate, which is a variation of the Mediterranean climate with more extreme temperatures due to its inland location. Among the given options, ‘Mediterranean dry hot summer’ (often Csa in Köppen classification) is the most appropriate description for the summer conditions and overall climate despite the continental influence in winter.

A standard Mediterranean climate (Csa/Csb) is characterized by dry summers and mild, wet winters. Central Spain shares the dry summer feature but has colder winters than typical coastal Mediterranean regions, exhibiting continental traits.

Other options are incorrect. Subarctic is found at high latitudes. Subtropical Steppe (BSk) occurs in drier, often more southerly parts of Spain. Humid continental (Dfa/Dfb) is characterized by significant precipitation throughout the year or a less pronounced dry summer than observed in central Spain.

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