Which one of the following best describes the term "greenwashing"?

Which one of the following best describes the term “greenwashing”?

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Conveying a false impression that a company's products are eco-friendly and environmentally sound

Non-inclusion of ecological/environmental costs in the Annual Financial Statements of a country

Ignoring the disastrous ecological consequences while undertaking infrastructure development

Making mandatory provisions for environmental costs in a government project/programme

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC IAS – 2022

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“Greenwashing” is a term used to describe the practice of making unsubstantiated or misleading claims about the environmental benefits of a product, service, technology, or company practices. It involves conveying a false impression to consumers that something is more environmentally sound than it actually is. Option A perfectly captures this definition. Options B, C, and D describe other aspects related to environmental accounting, development impacts, or environmental cost integration, but not greenwashing.

Greenwashing is essentially environmental marketing spin that deceives the public into believing a company or product is environmentally friendly when it is not.

Common tactics include using vague language, irrelevant certifications, hidden trade-offs (making one environmental claim while ignoring a significant negative impact), or outright lies. Regulatory bodies in various countries are increasingly cracking down on greenwashing claims.

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