Which one of the following battles could be seen as laying the formal

Which one of the following battles could be seen as laying the formal foundation of the British Raj in India?

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Third Battle of Panipat

Battle of Plassey

Battle of Buxar

Revolt of 1857

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UPSC NDA-2 – 2022

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The Battle of Buxar could be seen as laying the formal foundation of the British Raj in India.

While the Battle of Plassey (1757) marked the beginning of the British political influence in Bengal and paved the way for their eventual dominance, the Battle of Buxar (1764) was more decisive in establishing the formal foundation of British rule. In the aftermath of Buxar, the British East India Company was granted the Diwani rights (right to collect revenue) of Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha by the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II through the Treaty of Allahabad (1765). This grant provided the Company with significant administrative and financial power, transitioning their role from a trading company to a territorial power with formal legal authority, thus laying the formal foundation of the British Raj.

The Third Battle of Panipat (1761) significantly weakened the Marathas but did not establish British rule. The Revolt of 1857 led to the transfer of power from the British East India Company to the British Crown in 1858, marking the consolidation of British rule, but the foundation was laid earlier. The Battle of Plassey was significant for establishing political control, but Buxar provided the formal administrative and financial basis for direct rule.

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