Which one of the following approaches of human development was initial

Which one of the following approaches of human development was initially proposed by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and emphasised on health, education, food, water supply, sanitation and housing ?

Welfare approach
Basic needs approach
Income approach
Capability approach
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2021
The Basic Needs Approach to human development was initially proposed by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and emphasised the satisfaction of essential needs like health, education, food, water supply, sanitation, and housing.
This approach emerged in the 1970s as a direct way to address poverty by providing essential goods and services, rather than waiting for economic growth to trickle down.
The Income Approach focuses on Gross National Product (GNP) per capita as a measure of development. The Welfare Approach views people as passive beneficiaries of development policies. The Capability Approach, pioneered by Amartya Sen, focuses on expanding people’s freedom to achieve different functionings and well-being. The Basic Needs Approach is distinct in its focus on a specific set of essential requirements.
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