Which one of the following amendments to the Constitution of India has

Which one of the following amendments to the Constitution of India has introduced reservations in education and in public employment for people from the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) of society ?

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The Constitution (101st Amendment) Act

The Constitution (102nd Amendment) Act

The Constitution (122nd Amendment) Act

The Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-2 – 2023

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The Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act, 2019, introduced reservations in education and public employment for the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) of society. It amended Articles 15 and 16 of the Constitution by inserting clause (6) in both articles, empowering the state to make special provisions for the advancement of any economically weaker sections of citizens, including reservations up to 10% in educational institutions and government jobs.

– This amendment provided a basis for reservation solely on economic criteria, separate from existing reservations based on social and educational backwardness (for SCs, STs, and OBCs).
– The reservation is in addition to the existing reservations.
– The criteria for defining EWS are notified by the government.

The 101st Amendment Act introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST). The 102nd Amendment Act granted constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC). The 122nd Amendment Bill was related to GST but it was not passed as the Act. The 103rd Amendment is specifically for EWS reservation.

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