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Which one among the following is the most important reason behind the

June 1, 2025 by rawan239

Which one among the following is the most important reason behind the prevalence of extreme type of climate in different parts of India ?

The long latitudinal extent

The east-west alignment of the Himalayas

The peninsular location of the country

The significant variation in altitude

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2010

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The correct option is B) The east-west alignment of the Himalayas.

The Himalayas, acting as a formidable barrier, prevent the extremely cold winds from Central Asia from entering the Indian subcontinent during winter. This leads to milder winters in North India compared to similar latitudes elsewhere. In summer, they trap the monsoon winds, causing widespread rainfall. However, the *east-west* alignment across the north means that the vast Indo-Gangetic Plain to the south is largely open to influences from the interior of the continent, leading to a significant variation between summer and winter temperatures (continentality), which is a key characteristic of an “extreme type of climate” in parts of India. The absence of a high mountain range running north-south across the northern plains allows these continental air masses to penetrate.

Factors like the long latitudinal extent cause variation in temperature received from the sun, but don’t necessarily cause *extremes* across the country in the same way as continentality. The peninsular location has a moderating influence on climate due to the proximity of the sea, preventing extremes. Variation in altitude causes local climatic variations (e.g., cooler in mountains, hotter in plains) rather than being the primary reason for extreme climate across different regions.

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