Which one among the following is the basis of difference between the P

Which one among the following is the basis of difference between the Parliamentary and Presidential system of government ?

Power of Judicial review
Method of election of President/Head of the State
Legislative supremacy in law making
Relation between the legislature and the executive
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2010
The most fundamental difference between the Parliamentary and Presidential systems of government lies in the relationship between the executive and the legislature. In a Parliamentary system (like India or the UK), the executive (Cabinet, headed by the Prime Minister) is drawn from the legislature and is collectively responsible to the legislature. The executive remains in power as long as it retains the confidence of the legislature. In a Presidential system (like the USA), the executive (President and their appointed cabinet) is separate from the legislature and is not directly responsible to it; the President is elected independently and serves a fixed term.
– Parliamentary System: Executive is part of and responsible to the legislature (fusion of powers).
– Presidential System: Executive is separate from and not directly responsible to the legislature (separation of powers).
– Other differences stem from this primary distinction, such as the method of choosing the head of government, tenure of the executive, and checks and balances.
While checks and balances exist in both systems, the nature of accountability of the executive to the legislature is the defining characteristic. Judicial review is a feature of the judiciary, present in varying degrees in both systems. Method of election varies, and legislative supremacy is more characteristic of pure parliamentary systems like the UK (though limited in India by the Constitution and judiciary).
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