The correct answer is: a) PESA
The Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Areas (PESA) Act, 1996 is a law that aims to strengthen Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in Scheduled Areas. The Act provides for a three-tier system of PRIs in Scheduled Areas, with Gram Sabhas at the village level, Panchayat Samitis at the intermediate level, and Zila Parishads at the district level. The Act also gives PRIs the power to make laws on a variety of subjects, including land, water, forests, and minor minerals.
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) is a national employment guarantee scheme that aims to provide at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. The scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India.
The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G) is a national housing scheme that aims to provide affordable housing to the rural poor. The scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Government of India.
The Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS) is a scheme that allows Members of Parliament (MPs) to recommend works of developmental nature in their constituencies. The scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India.
The PESA Act is the most relevant scheme among the given options for strengthening Panchayati Raj Institutions in Odisha. The Act provides for a three-tier system of PRIs in Scheduled Areas, with Gram Sabhas at the village level, Panchayat Samitis at the intermediate level, and Zila Parishads at the district level. The Act also gives PRIs the power to make laws on a variety of subjects, including land, water, forests, and minor minerals.