The correct answer is d) All of the above.
Bottom trawling is a fishing method that involves dragging a weighted net along the seabed. This method is used to catch a variety of fish, including cod, haddock, and flounder. Bottom trawling can be a destructive fishing method, as it can damage the seabed and the marine life that lives there.
Tuna longlining is a fishing method that involves setting long lines of baited hooks. These lines can be set in the open ocean or near the coast. Tuna longlining is a very effective fishing method, but it can also be destructive, as it can catch non-target species of fish and marine life.
Purse seining is a fishing method that involves enclosing a school of fish in a net. The net is then closed at the bottom, trapping the fish. Purse seining is a very effective fishing method, but it can also be destructive, as it can catch non-target species of fish and marine life.
All three of these fishing methods are used to catch fish in deep water. Deep-sea fishing is a major source of seafood for humans, but it can also have a negative impact on the marine environment.