The correct answer is: d) All of the above
Punjab is a state in northwestern India. It is bordered by the states of Haryana to the south, Himachal Pradesh to the east, Jammu and Kashmir to the northeast, and Pakistan to the west. The state has a population of over 28 million people and a land area of over 50,000 square kilometers.
The relief of Punjab is shaped by a number of factors, including climate, vegetation, and human activities. The climate of Punjab is semi-arid, with hot summers and cold winters. The vegetation of Punjab is mostly agricultural, with wheat, rice, and cotton being the main crops. Human activities, such as agriculture, irrigation, and deforestation, have also had a significant impact on the relief of Punjab.
Climate is the average weather conditions in a place over a long period of time. The climate of Punjab is semi-arid, with hot summers and cold winters. The average temperature in Punjab ranges from 20 degrees Celsius in winter to 40 degrees Celsius in summer. The annual rainfall in Punjab is about 700 millimeters.
Vegetation is the plant life in a particular area. The vegetation of Punjab is mostly agricultural, with wheat, rice, and cotton being the main crops. There are also some forests in Punjab, but they cover a small area.
Human activities are the things that people do that affect the environment. Human activities, such as agriculture, irrigation, and deforestation, have also had a significant impact on the relief of Punjab. Agriculture is the main source of income for the people of Punjab. To increase agricultural production, people have cleared forests and built dams and canals. This has led to soil erosion and waterlogging.
In conclusion, the relief of Punjab is shaped by a number of factors, including climate, vegetation, and human activities. These factors have had a significant impact on the state’s landscape.