The correct answer is: All of the above.
Female infanticide is the practice of killing a newborn girl. It is a form of gender-based violence that has been practiced in many cultures throughout history. In Odisha, female infanticide was a common practice in the past, and it is believed to have contributed to the decline in the state’s sex ratio.
Neglect of the girl child is another factor that has contributed to the decline in Odisha’s sex ratio. Girls are often neglected in terms of nutrition, healthcare, and education. This can lead to higher rates of mortality and morbidity among girls, as well as lower levels of education and employment.
Preference for sons is another factor that has contributed to the decline in Odisha’s sex ratio. In many cultures, sons are seen as more valuable than daughters. This can lead to discrimination against girls, and it can also lead to families aborting female fetuses or abandoning their newborn daughters.
All of these factors have contributed to the decline in Odisha’s sex ratio. The state government has taken steps to address this issue, but there is still a long way to go.