The correct answer is D. All of the above.
The Munda Revolt was a major uprising of the Munda people against the British East India Company in 1899. The revolt was led by Birsa Munda, a Munda religious leader who preached a return to traditional Munda customs and values. The Munda people were unhappy with the British government’s policies, which had led to the loss of their land and forests. They were also angry about the forced labor that they were required to perform for the British.
The Munda Revolt was a significant event in the history of India. It was one of the first major uprisings against British rule, and it helped to raise awareness of the problems faced by the indigenous people of India. The revolt also led to some reforms, such as the return of some land to the Munda people.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Forest Rights: The Munda people were traditionally forest dwellers, and they depended on the forest for their livelihood. However, the British government had begun to restrict access to the forest, which had a devastating impact on the Munda people.
- Land Rights: The British government had also begun to take away Munda land, which they gave to European settlers or to Indian landlords. This led to the displacement of many Munda people and made it difficult for them to survive.
- Religious Revivalism: Birsa Munda was a religious leader who preached a return to traditional Munda customs and values. He believed that the Munda people could only regain their lost land and rights if they returned to their traditional way of life.
The Munda Revolt was a complex event with many causes. However, the main reasons for the revolt were the loss of land and forests, forced labor, and religious revivalism.