The correct answer is (d). All of these were established by the Government of India Act, 1919.
The Government of India Act, 1919, also known as the MontaguâChelmsford Reforms, was a major constitutional reform of British India. It was the first major step towards Indian independence. The Act divided the government of India into two parts: the central government and the provincial governments. The central government was responsible for matters such as defense, foreign affairs, and communications. The provincial governments were responsible for matters such as education, health, and agriculture.
The Act also introduced a system of dyarchy in the provinces. Dyarchy meant that some subjects were to be administered by the British government, while others were to be administered by Indian ministers responsible to an elected legislature. This was a major step towards self-government for India.
The Council of States was a new legislative body that was created by the Act. It was composed of both elected and nominated members. The Lower House was also a new legislative body that was created by the Act. It was composed of elected members only.
The Government of India Act, 1919, was a significant step forward in the development of Indian democracy. It paved the way for the independence of India in 1947.