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Which of the following statements regarding the World Climate Types an

June 1, 2025 by rawan239

Which of the following statements regarding the World Climate Types and their relation with Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is/are correct?
1. Tropical Wet Climate is one of the world’s rainiest due to the dominance of the ITCZ over it.
2. Tropical Savanna Climate experiences a distinctive alternation of wet and dry seasons, caused chiefly by the seasonal shift in latitude of the subtropical highs and ITCZ.
3. The Tropical Monsoonal Climate experiences heavy rainfall as a consequence of the nearness of the ITCZ for much of the year.

1 only

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

This question was previously asked in

UPSC NDA-1 – 2024

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Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct.

Statement 1 is correct. The Tropical Wet Climate (e.g., Amazon basin, Congo basin) is located near the equator where the ITCZ is dominant year-round or for most of the year. The ITCZ is a zone of low pressure and convergence, leading to significant convection and heavy, consistent rainfall. Statement 2 is correct. The Tropical Savanna Climate is typically located poleward of the Tropical Wet climate. It experiences distinct wet and dry seasons caused by the seasonal migration of the ITCZ (bringing rain during the high-sun season when it’s overhead) and the subtropical high-pressure belts (bringing dry conditions during the low-sun season when they are dominant). Statement 3 is correct. The Tropical Monsoonal Climate is characterized by a significant seasonal reversal of winds, leading to heavy rainfall during the wet season. The ITCZ plays a crucial role in the monsoonal circulation by creating a thermal low over land during the summer, which draws in moisture-laden winds from the ocean. The nearness and seasonal shift of the ITCZ are fundamental to the development of the monsoon trough and associated heavy rainfall.

The ITCZ is a band of low pressure that encircles the Earth near the equator, where trade winds from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres converge. Its position shifts seasonally with the sun’s zenith, moving poleward in the summer hemisphere.

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