Which of the following statements regarding animal cell membrane is co

Which of the following statements regarding animal cell membrane is correct ?

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They are composed of phospholipids only.

They are composed of proteins only.

They are composed of phospholipids and proteins only.

They are composed of phospholipids, proteins and cholesterol (lipid).

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UPSC NDA-1 – 2024

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The animal cell membrane is a complex structure composed of a phospholipid bilayer, various proteins embedded within or associated with the bilayer, and cholesterol. Phospholipids form the basic structural framework. Proteins perform diverse functions like transport, signaling, and recognition. Cholesterol, a type of lipid, is present in animal cell membranes and plays a crucial role in regulating membrane fluidity and stability. Therefore, the animal cell membrane is composed of phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol.

The fluid mosaic model is the widely accepted model describing the structure of the cell membrane, depicting it as a fluid bilayer of lipids with proteins embedded or associated with it.

Plant cell membranes also have phospholipid bilayers and proteins, but they typically lack cholesterol. Instead, they contain other sterols. Cell membranes also contain carbohydrates, usually attached to proteins (glycoproteins) or lipids (glycolipids), which are involved in cell recognition and adhesion, although the options only list phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol as primary constituents.

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